What are 3d printers?

In our ongoing series about 3D printing, we now turn our focus to a critical component of this technology - the 3D printer itself. Having explored the various file formats and intricacies of preparing models for printing, it’s time to take a look into the machines that bring these digital designs into their physical form. This part is dedicated to exploring the complexities of 3D printers, making them understandable, especially for beginners.

3D printers are machines that have transformed the way we create and manufacture objects. From simple everyday items to complex prototypes, the capabilities of these printers are quite varied. Today we aim to explore the different types of printers, their pricing and how they operate. We’ll also shed light on the diverse range of items they can produce as well as the historical context of when and how these machines were developed.

By the end of this section, you'll have a clearer understanding of how these printers work, what to consider when choosing one, and how to maintain them for best use. Let's dive into the world of 3D printers and discover how these incredible devices are shaping the future of manufacturing and design.

The History of 3D Printers

When were 3D printers invented? The first idea came from Dr. Hideo Kodama in 1980, but Chuck Hull made the first real 3D printer in 1984. Hull's invention began what we now know as 3D printing, and he also made the STL file format, which is still important today.

In the 1990s, 3D printing was mainly used by big companies to quickly make prototypes. It became more popular and affordable in the 2000s, especially for smaller businesses and hobbyists. This change happened because some important patents ended, and people started making cheaper, open-source 3D printers.

Now, 3D printing is used in many areas, like medicine, aerospace, and even at home. It keeps getting better, with new ways to print faster and use different materials.

What can 3d printers make?

The possibilities of what can be created are almost endless, spanning from everyday items like smartphone cases and home decor to complex prototypes and medical implants. 3D printers have opened doors to innovative uses in various sectors, including education, where they bring concepts to life through tactile models, and in fields like architecture, art, and fashion, where they allow for the exploration of new forms and designs. Industrial applications are equally impressive, with the production of specialized components for aerospace and automotive industries.

How do 3D printers work?

3D printers work by turning 3D print models into physical objects through a process called additive manufacturing. This process involves building objects layer by layer from the bottom up. Based on the design fed into the printer, it precisely deposits material, such as plastic, resin, or metal, in thin layers, each solidifying before the next is added. This layer-by-layer approach allows for the creation of complex shapes and structures that would be difficult to make with traditional manufacturing methods. We've covered the intricacies of how 3D printers operate in more detail in our previous article providing a comprehensive look at the technology behind these innovative machines.

Printers and price ranges - What is right for you

Choosing the right printer largely depends on your needs as well as your budget. There are many different models on the market, from affordable entry level ones to high end professional machines, each price range caters to different users. Beginner, hobbyist or professionals, finding the right balance between functionality and cost is key to selecting the printer that’s just right for you.

How much is a 3D printer?

Navigating through the 3D printer market can be easier when you understand the distinct categories based on price and features. Here's a closer look with some examples:

Entry-Level Printers

• Features: These printers are user-friendly, perfect for beginners or occasional users. They generally have smaller build areas and simpler designs. Features like manual bed leveling and limited material compatibility are common.
• Price Range: Typically priced from around $150 to $600. Examples include the Creality Ender 3 and the Monoprice Select Mini, both popular for their affordability and ease of use.
• Most Suitable For: Hobbyists, beginners, and users looking to explore 3D printing without a significant investment.

Mid-Range Printers

• Features: These offer a balance of advanced features and affordability. Expect larger build volumes, improved resolution, and greater material versatility. They might come with features like touchscreen interfaces and heated print beds.
• Price Range: Prices range from about $600 to $2500. Printers like the Prusa i3 MK3S and the Ultimaker 2+ are well-regarded in this category for their reliability and enhanced capabilities.
• Most Suitable For: Serious hobbyists, educators, and small businesses that require more reliability and a wider range of printing options.

High-End Printers

• Features: Targeted at professional and industrial users, these printers provide top-tier build quality, precision, and large build volumes. They can handle a wide array of materials and often include advanced features like dual extrusion, enclosed chambers, and sophisticated software.
• Price Range: These can exceed $3000 and even go as high or beyond $10,000. Examples include the MakerBot Replicator+ and the Formlabs Form 3, which are known for their exceptional print quality and robustness, suitable for demanding professional applications.
• Most Suitable For: Professionals and industries needing high-quality prints for complex projects, and those who require robust machines for frequent use.

Each price category caters to different user needs, from hobbyists to professionals. By understanding what each range has to offer and some examples within them, you can make a more informed decision that aligns with your specific 3D printing requirements and budget.

Upkeep and maintenance of 3D printers

Maintaining your printer is as important as knowing how to correctly use it. Regular upkeep not only ensures the longevity of your printer but also plays a crucial role in the consistency and quality of the prints it produces. Like any other machine with mechanical parts, a printer requires a standard routine of servicing and general attention to keep it good as new. In this part we will refer to the various aspects of maintenance so you can establish a regular maintenance routine that will help prevent common printing issues, reduce the need of costly repairs and keep your printer running smoothly for as long as possible.

How to clean a 3D printer?

A clean printer is a reliable one. Dust and 3D printing filament residues can cause issues, so it’s important to keep your printer clean. Starting with the plate, it should regularly be cleaned with alcohol or, if it’s removable, cleaned with warm soapy water. The extruder and the nozzle are also areas that need attention. Use a small brush to remove any leftover filament, being extremely delicate. For the body of the printer, a dry cloth or compressed air is effective in keeping these parts dust free. Last but not least, the rails and rods need cleaning and proper lubrication too. Always look for the manufacturer instructions to ensure safe maintenance and a smooth operation.

Check and replace disposable components

As time goes by, components such as belts, nozzles, and bearings can start to show signs of wear. It's important to regularly check the belts and pulleys, making sure they're properly tightened and aligned since loose belts can result in prints that aren't accurate. The nozzle, which can often become clogged, might require cleaning using a needle, especially when it's heated, or it may need to be replaced if it's damaged. Additionally, bearings and rails need to function smoothly, so keeping them clean and applying the appropriate lubricant as advised by the manufacturer is essential for their upkeep.

Calibration and alignment

Achieving top-quality prints heavily relies on accurate calibration. A crucial aspect of this is leveling the bed, which can be done manually or with assistance. This process aligns the print bed accurately with the nozzle. It’s also important to calibrate the extruder to make sure it's delivering the right amount of filament, which may involve tweaking the settings of the stepper motor.

Making these maintenance tasks a regular part of your 3D printing routine will ensure that your printer remains in optimal working condition, producing consistently high-quality prints. Regular upkeep not only extends the lifespan of your printer but also significantly improves your experience with it.

As we conclude this section on 3D printers, we've covered everything from their history to how to choose and look after one. These machines are more than just tools; they're your doorway to creating almost anything you can imagine. With the information we've shared, you're well-prepared to dive into the world of 3D printing, whether you're starting out or looking to improve your skills. Remember, 3D printing is always evolving, opening up new possibilities every day.

Excitingly, in our next chapter, we will be exploring filaments and materials. We’ll get up close with their special traits and chat about how and where you can make the most of them in your projects. So, keep your eyes peeled for more fun and insightful tips that'll boost your journey in 3D printing even further!