The Cherepanov steam locomotive was the first steam locomotive built in Russia. Yefim and Miron Cherepanov constructed the locomotive in 1834. The model ran from a factory in Nizhny Tagil to a nearby mine. The track constructed to compliment the locomotive would be the first steam railway in Russia. They constructed a second model to be sent to Saint Petersburg in 1835.
Though horse-powered transport would be the dominant form of transporting goods in Russia for many of the following years, the construction of the locomotive may have been influential in the growth of rail transport in Russia.
Yefim Cherepanov and his son, Miron, were serfs to the Demidov family of factory-owners and developed several innovations while working for them. The pair had been building steam engines for many years, to pump water in the mines. Both of them had travelled to England separately, with Miron going in 1833. While he was there, he was noted with having inspected the steam locomotives there. However, Soviet scholars insist that the steam locomotive was the Cherepanov's own invention and not a copy of the English model.
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