The Volkswagen Type 2 (aka Transporter) was the second automotive line introduced by German automaker Volkswagen. It was a van introduced in 1950, initially based on Volkswagen's first model, the Type 1, also known as the "Beetle". The Type 2 is generally considered to be the forerunner of modern cargo and passenger vans. The Type 2 spawned a number of imitators both in the United States and Europe including the Ford Econoline, Dodge A100 and the Chevrolet Corvan, the last even adopting the Type 2's rear-engine configuration. Updated versions of this line are still being actively produced in international markets, both as a passenger and cargo van and as a pickup truck.
During the hippie era in the United States, the Bus became a major counterculture symbol. There were several reasons: The van could carry a number of people plus camping gear and cooking supplies, extra clothing, do-it-yourself carpenter's tools, etc. As a "statement", its boxy, utilitarian shape made the Type 2 everything the American cars of the day were not. Used models were incredibly cheap to buy — many were hand-painted (a predecessor of the modern-day art car). Some Bus enthusiasts (especially for antiwar activists) would replace the VW logo with a painted peace symbol up front. Since that time, however, the original 1950–1967 Type 2 (primarily the pre-1956 barn-doors) has become a highly sought after collector's item.
In various countries the vehicle has different nicknames, Bulli in Germany, Pćo-de-Forma (Breadloaf) in Portuguese, Kleinbus (mini-bus) in Finnland and various versions of hippie-mobile in the US, but the official name is Kombi (Kombinationskraftwagen, "combined-use vehicle") or Combi in English.
The vehicle is used as a taxi in Africa and South America, and as an ambulance in the Middle East, and has been used by the UN and various military forces as a cheap troop transport, and has also been adapted to company or school bus use, as well as finding favour as a transporter for elderly or disabled hospital patients.
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